(Publish from Houston Texas USA)
(By Jahanzaib Tariq and Khushnood Ashraf)
Global Concerns Over Algorithm-Driven Engagement and How Social Media Algorithms Are Tightening Their Grip on Pakistani Youth
The global debate over the responsibility of social media companies has intensified after the Chief Executive Officer of Meta, Mark Zuckerberg, appeared in a Los Angeles court to respond to allegations regarding the psychological impact of social media platforms on young users. The central concern raised in the proceedings was whether the algorithms used by platforms such as Instagram and YouTube are intentionally designed to encourage prolonged and repetitive usage, particularly among teenagers. The allegations suggest that these platforms are structured to maximize engagement by promoting content that triggers emotional reactions and keeps users continuously scrolling. Although Meta has defended its policies by stating that it invests in safety mechanisms, parental controls, and age-related protections, critics argue that the fundamental business model rewards longer screen time. A lawsuit filed by a concerned woman against Meta and other platforms has brought further public attention to the issue. While similar cases have targeted multiple technology companies, the focus remains largely on Meta due to its vast global influence.
Worldwide data reveals the scale of this digital transformation. More than five billion people use the internet, and approximately 4.9 billion are active social media users. On average, individuals spend more than two hours daily on social networking platforms. In Pakistan, the digital expansion is equally significant. The country now has over 130 million internet users and nearly 70 million social media users. Most access occurs through smartphones, making social platforms constantly available in daily life.
Mental health professionals across different countries have raised concerns about rising levels of anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, and body image issues associated with excessive social media use. Research indicates that adolescents are particularly vulnerable due to ongoing psychological development. In Pakistan, urban clinics and counseling centers report increasing cases of digital dependency among teenagers. However, the issue is no longer confined to youth alone. Adults also demonstrate addictive patterns, often struggling to limit screen time.
Regulation, Digital Literacy, and the Way Forward
A fundamental question emerges regarding regulation and maturity. Society recognizes age thresholds for driving, voting, and obtaining legal documents because certain responsibilities require cognitive readiness. In contrast, social media platforms are widely accessible with minimal verification of age. Anyone can create an account simply by entering a birth date, which may or may not be accurate. Unlike other regulated activities, digital participation has very few structured boundaries.
Some countries have begun introducing stricter digital safety policies. For instance, Australia has strengthened online safety laws aimed at protecting minors and holding platforms accountable. Other governments are debating similar measures to ensure stronger age verification and parental consent systems. Yet legislation alone cannot fully address the issue, especially in countries like Pakistan, where digital literacy and educational awareness remain uneven.
It is also important to acknowledge that earlier forms of social media were less driven by advanced predictive algorithms. Today, artificial intelligence analyzes user behavior in real time and curates content accordingly. Whether courts ultimately determine legal responsibility or not, it is widely observable that modern platforms are engineered to sustain engagement.
The path forward requires balanced intervention rather than outright rejection of technology. Parents must adopt active supervision strategies. Schools and universities should introduce digital literacy and responsible media consumption into their curricula. Policymakers should demand transparency from technology companies regarding algorithmic practices. At the same time, young users must be educated about self-regulation and mindful usage.
Social media remains a powerful tool for communication, education, and innovation. However, without structured boundaries and informed awareness, algorithm-driven engagement may continue shaping behaviors in ways that demand serious reflection within Pakistani society.
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